SPI Communication in AVR Microcontroller (Atmega-8) microcontroller using MAX72xx

Aim:

The Serial Peripheral Interface Bus (SPI) interface is used for communication between multiple devices over short distances, and at high speed.

Typically there is a single "master" device, which initiates communications and supplies the clock which controls the data transfer rate. There can be one or more slaves. For more than one slave, each one has its own "slave select" signal, described later.

Description:

SPI signals

In a full-blown SPI system you will have four signal lines:

• Master Out, Slave In (MOSI) - which is the data going from the master to the slave
• Master In, Slave Out (MISO) - which is the data going from the slave to the master
• Serial Clock (SCK) - when this toggles both the master and the slave sample the next bit
• Slave Select (SS) - this tells a particular slave to go "active"

When multiple slaves are connected to the MISO signal they are expected to tri-state (keep at high impedance) that MISO line until they are selected by Slave Select being asserted. Normally Slave Select (SS) goes low to assert it. That is, it is active low. Once a particular slave is selected it should configure the MISO line as an output so it can send data to the master.

This image shows the way that data is exchanged as one byte is sent:

Note that three signals are outputs from the master (MOSI, SCK, SS) and one is an input (MISO).

Wiring for output-only SPI

The above code (which sends only) might be used to drive an output serial shift register. These are output-only devices, so we don't need to worry about any incoming data. In their case the SS pin might be called the "store" or "latch" pin.

Examples of this are the 74HC595 serial shift register, and various LED strips, just to mention a couple. For example, this 64 pixel LED display driven by a MAX7219 chip:

In this case you can see that the board maker has used slightly different signal names:

• DIN (Data In) is MOSI (Master Out, Slave In)
• CS (Chip Select) is SS (Slave Select)
• CLK (Clock) is SCK (Serial Clock)

Most boards will follow a similar pattern. Sometimes DIN is just DI (Data In).

Here is another example, this time a 7-segment LED display board (also based on the MAX7219 chip):

Block Diagram

Schematic

Code

// *******************************************************
// Project: Interfacing SPI-MAX72xx using AVR (Atmega-8)
// Author: Hack Projects India
// Module description: Operate DAC
// *******************************************************


#define F_CPU 8000000UL
#include <avr/io.h>
#include <util/delay.h>

 
void SPI_SEND(unsigned char addr, char data) {
 
 // CS Load
 PORTB &= (~(1<<PB2));
 
 // Transmit Data (Address)
 SPDR = addr;
 
 // Wait until completed
 while(!(SPSR&(1<<SPIF)));
 
 // Transmit Data (Information)
 SPDR = data;
 
 // Wait until complete
 while(!(SPSR&(1<<SPIF)));
 
 // CS Load
 PORTB |= (1 << PB2);
}
 
void max7219_Init(void)
{
 /* STEUERBITS */
 SPI_SEND(0x0a,0x0f);
 SPI_SEND(0x09,0xff);
 SPI_SEND(0x0b,0x07);
 SPI_SEND(0x0c,0x01);
}
 
void spi_init (void)
{
 // Definition for output ports to Max7219.
 // PORTB2, PORTB3, PORTB5 -> Ausgänge
 DDRB = (1 << PB3) | (1 << PB5) | (1 << PB2);
 
 // Define SPI for MAX7219
 // SPE=1 - Turn SPI on
 // MSTR=1 - Controller is Master
 // SPR0=1 -Frequency to osc/16
 SPCR = (1<<SPE)|(1<<MSTR)|(1<<SPR0);
}
 
 
void main (void)
{
 
 /* Initialize SPI */
 spi_init();
 
 /* Initialize MAX7219 */
 max7219_Init();
 
 SPI_SEND(0x01,0x08);
 SPI_SEND(0x02,0x07);
 SPI_SEND(0x03,0x06);
 SPI_SEND(0x04,0x05);

 SPI_SEND(0x05,0x04);
 SPI_SEND(0x06,0x03);
 SPI_SEND(0x07,0x02);
 SPI_SEND(0x08,0x01);
 
 while(1)
 {
 
 }
}

Downloads:

The code was compiled in Keil uvision4 and simulation was made in Proteus v7.7.
To download code and proteus simulation click here.

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